{"id":4326,"date":"2019-06-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-06-23T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/myn006.staging.360vier.net\/antropomorfismus-umeni-nehynouci-trend\/"},"modified":"2025-06-03T14:25:10","modified_gmt":"2025-06-03T12:25:10","slug":"antropomorfismus-umeni-nehynouci-trend","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mynd.com\/cs\/blog\/antropomorfismus-umeni-nehynouci-trend\/","title":{"rendered":"ANTROPOMORFISMUS V\u00a0UM\u011aN\u00cd: Nehynouc\u00ed trend nebo nad\u010dasov\u00fd projev?"},"content":{"rendered":"

My um\u011blci neust\u00e1le hled\u00e1me nov\u00e9 a neokoukan\u00e9 n\u00e1pady. \u0160ikovn\u00fdm trikem, jak zaujmout publikum a naplnit sv\u00e9 um\u011bleck\u00e9 ambice, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt antropomorfismus, kter\u00fd se jev\u00ed jako t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bezedn\u00e1 studnice inspirace. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku p\u0159edstav\u00edme antropomorfismus do detailu. P\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme jeho historii, odkryjeme psychologii v pozad\u00ed a pod\u00edv\u00e1me se tak\u00e9 na n\u011bkolik zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch uk\u00e1zek. \u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"antropomorficke<\/strong><\/figure>\n


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<\/a> Co vlastn\u011b znamen\u00e1 antropomorfismus?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Principem antropomorfismu je p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch znak\u016f, vlastnost\u00ed a emoc\u00ed na ne\u017eiv\u00e9 bytosti nebo jevy. Z literatury zn\u00e1me term\u00edn prosopopeia<\/em> nebo personifikace<\/em>, kter\u00e1 je slovn\u00edm projevem antropomorfismu.<\/p>\n

Ko\u0159eny antropomorfismu sahaj\u00ed daleko do minulosti a tak\u00e9 hluboko do lidsk\u00e9 psychiky. V z\u00e1sad\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o kognitivn\u00ed proces, pomoc\u00ed n\u011bho\u017e lid\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed nau\u010den\u00e1 sch\u00e9mata o jin\u00fdch lidech a aplikuj\u00ed je na nov\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti<\/em>. Tento proces na\u0161el uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v r\u00e1mci vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch program\u016f, l\u00e9\u010dby du\u0161evn\u00edch chorob a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b i v kreativn\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n

\"antropomorficke<\/figure>\n

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<\/a> Po\u010d\u00e1tky antropomorfismu: Z jeskyn\u011b a\u017e do Silicon Valley<\/span><\/h2>\n
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U\u017e asi pred 40 000 rokmi<\/a> tvorili na\u0161i paleolitick\u00ed predkovia prv\u00e9 zoomorfn\u00e9 umeleck\u00e9 diela. T\u00fdm, \u017ee zobrazovali svojich bohov a duchov vo forme zvierat polo\u017eili z\u00e1klady modernej spolo\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

Ve snaze pochopit abstraktn\u00ed pojmy a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed jevy za\u010dali lid\u00e9 nejd\u0159\u00edve v\u011b\u0159it v animismus<\/a>, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipisuje vlastn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed s\u00edlu nebo du\u0161i \u017eiv\u00fdm i ne\u017eiv\u00fdm objekt\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Z animismu se postupn\u011b rozvinula slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bo\u017estva. B\u011b\u017en\u011b byli tito bohov\u00e9 a mytologick\u00e9 bytosti zoomorfn\u00ed nebo antropomorfn\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edklady m\u016f\u017eeme nal\u00e9zt v egyptsk\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed, v \u0159eck\u00e9 mytologii nebo ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch zdoben\u00fdch rukopisech.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\"antropomorficki<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
Egypt\u0161t\u00ed bohov\u00e9 Ra a Horus vlevo a fragment st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho zdoben\u00e9ho rukopisu vpravo<\/strong><\/div>\n
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Pravou zlatou \u00e9ru za\u017eil antropomorfismus a\u017e v 19. stolet\u00ed d\u00edky um\u011blc\u016fm, ke kter\u00fdm se \u0159adil Sir John Tenniel nebo J. J. Grandville.<\/p>\n

Tenniel <\/a>se proslavil t\u00edm, \u017ee ilustroval asi nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed knihu Lewise Carolla \u2013 Alenka v \u0159\u00ed\u0161i div\u016f a Grandville zobrazoval \u010dleny modern\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti (tedy obchodn\u00edky, politiky a kn\u011bze) jako r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy pt\u00e1k\u016f. Grandvillova <\/a>tvorba a schopnost politick\u00e9 provokace byly d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm mezn\u00edkem v satirick\u00e9 ilustraci.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdborn\u00fdmi pr\u00edkladmi tohto umeleck\u00e9ho smeru s\u00fa aj knihy <\/span>Pinocchio<\/a> od Carla Collodiho alebo <\/span>Kniha d\u017eungle<\/a> od Rudyarda Kiplinga.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Metamorphoses<\/figure>\n

Les m\u00e9tamorphoses du jour – JJ Grandville <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\"Alice<\/figure>\n

Alenka v \u0159\u00ed\u0161i div\u016f \u2013 John Tenniel<\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/a> Psychologie v pozad\u00ed antropomorfismu<\/h2>\n

Prvn\u00ed empirickou studii o antropomorfismu<\/a> p\u0159edstavila v roce 1944 dvojice psycholog\u016f Fritz Heider a Marianne Simmel. V prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti tohoto experimentu v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci uk\u00e1zali 2 a p\u016fl minuty dlouhou animaci tvar\u016f, kter\u00e9 se na obrazovce pohybovaly r\u016fzn\u00fdmi sm\u011bry a rychlostmi.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e m\u011bly subjekty posl\u00e9ze popsat, co vid\u011bly, p\u0159i\u0159adily tvar\u016fm charakteristick\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 vlastnosti a \u00famysly. To v praxi znamenalo, \u017ee velk\u00fd troj\u00faheln\u00edk byl charakterizovan\u00fd jako n\u00e1siln\u00edk, proto\u017ee pron\u00e1sledoval dal\u0161\u00ed dva tvary, dokud ho nep\u0159elstily a neunikly.<\/p>\n

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